Luther Halsey Gulick Papers
Collection Scope and Contents
This collection documents the work of Luther Halsey Gulick as a pioneer and national leader in health, hygiene, and physical education during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Most of the material covers Gulick’s professional career while he was at Springfield College and while he was in New York City, especially during the 1900-1912 period - there are four scrapbooks of newspaper clippings by and about Gulick dating from those years.
More than half of the collection comprises lectures and articles, both published and unpublished, that Gulick wrote between 1897 and 1912. These writings concern the broad spectrum of topics in which Gulick was interested, and many of them relate to areas and organizations in which Gulick was a national leader, including health, physical education, play and playgrounds, gender roles, camping, folk dancing, child hygiene, and amateur athletics. Many of these texts were lectures delivered, for example, before the Department of Physical Training Summer School, the School of Pedagogy at New York University, and at numerous professional conferences.
Also included are correspondence, minutes, notes, and other records of several of the national organizations in which Gulick was a leader dating mostly from 1898 to 1917. Some of the organizations in which Gulick was involved include the International Committee of the YMCA, the Academy of Physical Education, the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, the Athletic League of YMCAs of North America, the Camp Fire Girls, Springfield College, and the Triangle Publishing Company. The Camp Fire Girls material includes reports, statements of purpose, and program ideas. Some of the prominent correspondents include George W. Ehler, George T. Hepbron, George B. Hodge, John W. Kelly, Jr., George L. Meylan, F.B. Pratt, James E. Sullivan, members of the A.A.U. basketball committee, and representatives from A.G. Spalding & Bros.
Dates
- Creation: ca. 1853-2010
- Creation: Majority of material found within 1891-1917
Creator
- Gulick, Luther Halsey, 1865-1918 (Person)
- Amateur Athletic Union of the United States (Organization)
- Triangle Publishing, Inc. (Organization)
Conditions Governing Access
Unrestricted
Conditions Governing Use
Rights status not fully evaluated.
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Biographical Note
Luther Halsey Gulick was born on December 4, 1865 in Honolulu, Hawaii; his parents, Luther Halsey Gulick and Louisa Lewis, were both missionaries. He entered the preparatory department of Oberlin College in 1880, but illness forced him to leave before he had completed his studies. In 1885 he became a student in the Sargent School of Physical Training in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the following year Gulick entered the Medical College of the University of the City of New York, receiving a medical degree in 1889. He was married on August 30, 1887 to Charlotte Vetter of Hanover, New Hampshire.
In 1887 Gulick came to the School for Christian Workers (which became the YMCA Training School in 1890 and the International YMCA Training School in 1891 and is now Springfield College). That same year, he and Robert J. Roberts established the School’s Gymnasium Department, which became the Physical Department in 1889. During his time at the School, Gulick instructed such courses as “Anatomy,” “Physiology,” “Hygiene,” “Physical Diagnosis,” “Prescription of Exercise,” “Association Work and Athletics,” “Outdoor Sports,” “Psychology,” “History and Philosophy of Physical Exercise,” “Anthropometry,” “Physiology of Exercise,” and “Gymnastics and Athletics.” Gulick served as the Director and then Superintendent of the Physical Department until he left the School in 1900. Gulick also organized the Department’s earliest summer sessions and correspondence courses.
In February 1891, students and instructors in the Physical Department—including J. Naismith, A.A. Stagg, W.H. Ball, W.O. Black, and W.E. Ninde—established the School’s publication “The Triangle.” Gulick supervised this enterprise, and he was also heavily involved with the Triangle Publishing Company during his time in Springfield. The publishing company seems to have developed out of the publication of the “Triangle” journal, being first credited as publishing the journal in June 1891 (the first publisher was simply given as the Physical Department). Gulick was elected president of this new company, James Naismith was the editor, and Frank N. Seerley was the first business manager. In addition to producing “The Triangle” (which became “Physical Education” in March of 1892), the company published a few of its own books and pamphlets related to physical education during the 1890s, including the earliest publications of the rules for Basketball. Letters and receipts within the collection show that the company also distributed YMCA triangle pins, fitness equipment manufactured by other businesses, and books published by other companies.
Gulick was principal of the Pratt Institute High School, Brooklyn, New York, from 1900-1903. He then went on to serve as director of physical training in the public schools of New York City for three years. In 1907 Gulick organized the child hygiene department of the Russell Sage Foundation and served as director until 1913, when failing health compelled him to resign.
Gulick and his wife Charlotte founded the Camp Fire Girls—the first nonsectarian organization for girls in the United States—in 1910. The organization was incorporated in Washington, D.C. in 1912 as a national agency. Today it is known as Camp Fire USA and holds programs for both girls and boys.
Gulick also designed the inverted, equilateral triangle emblem—denoting spirit, mind, and body—which became the official seal of Springfield College in 1891 and soon after became the seal of the YMCA. In December of 1891, one of Gulick’s students and colleagues, James Naismith, created the game of basketball, after Gulick directed him to create a new game to help deal with an uncooperative class at Springfield College.
Gulick was also involved with many other organizations throughout his career, including the Amateur Athletic Union, the Athletic League of YMCAs of North America, the American Academy of Physical Education which he helped found with R. Tait McKenzie and James McCrudy among others and today is known as the American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education, the Playground Association of America which later became the National Recreation Association, the American School Hygiene Association, and the Young Men’s Christian Association’s Physical Department and International Committee.
The last five years of his life were devoted to writing and lecturing on physical education, hygiene, and dancing. Gulick was a prolific writer and speaker and frequently sought new and better ways to educate people about physical education, play, hygiene and health, gender roles, camping, folk dancing, and amateur athletics. Despite his own failing health, Gulick accepted an offer from the National War Council in the Fall of 1917 to go to France and make a survey of the rapidly growing work of the YMCA with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. On his return, Gulick presented his report and recommendations to the War Council, and then he began writing his book The Dynamic of Manhood. Gulick died the following year on August 13, 1918.
Reference materials used:
Dorgan, Ethel Josephine. Luther Halsey Gulick, 1865-1918. New York: Columbia University Teachers College, 1934.
"Luther Halsey Gulick." Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2006. https://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC
Chornology
- 1865
- Born, Honolulu, Hawaii
- 1887
- Married Charlotte Vetter
- 1887-1900
- Physical Department, International YMCA Training School, Springfield, Mass.
- 1887-1903
- Secretary of physical training for the International Committee of the YMCA
- 1891-1896
- Editor, “Physical Education”
- 1892-1893
- Secretary, American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education
- 1897-1900
- Editor, “Association Outlook”
- 1900-1903
- Principal of the Pratt Institute High School, Brooklyn, New York
- 1901-1903
- Editor, “American Physical Education Review”
- 1903-1906
- President, American Physical Education Association
- Director, Physical Training, public schools of New York City
- 1904
- Chairman, Physical Training Lecture Committee of the St. Louis Exposition
- 1905-1908
- President, Public Schools Physical Training Society
- 1905-1909
- Lecturer, School of Pedagogy, New York University
- 1906
- Member, American Olympic Games Committee, Athens
- 1906-1909
- President, Playground Association of America
- 1907
- Delegate, Second International Congress on School Hygiene, London
- Organizing Secretary, American School Hygiene Association
- 1907-1913
- Director, Child Hygiene Department, Russell Sage Foundation
- 1908
- Member, American Olympic Games Committee, London
- 1910
- Founded Camp Fire Girls
- 1918
- Died in Maine
Extent
9.5 Linear Feet (23 boxes)
Language of Materials
English
Metadata Rights Declarations
Abstract
This collection documents the work of Luther Halsey Gulick (1865-1918) who was a pioneer and national leader in health and physical education in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. From 1887 to 1900 Gulick helped establish and supervise the Physical Department at the International YMCA Training School (now Springfield College). Gulick moved to New York City in 1900, where he worked at the Pratt Institute High School and Russell Sage Foundation. Gulick and his wife Charlotte later founded the Camp Fire Girls. There are reports, correspondence, and essays related to the Camp Fire Girls within the collection. Much of the material in the collection covers Gulick’s professional career in New York City, especially the 1900-1912 period. There are four scrapbooks of newspaper clippings and other materials by and about Gulick dating from those years. Additionally, there is a scrapbook about Dio Lewis, a fellow physical educator, that Gulick created, and there are two bound volumes of outgoing correspondence from the Triangle Publishing Company, which Gulick helped establish at Springfield College in the early 1890s. A large portion of the collection comprises lectures and articles, both published and unpublished, that Gulick wrote between 1897 and 1912. These writings concern a broad spectrum of topics, including physical education, play, hygiene and health, gender roles, camping, folk dancing, and amateur athletics. Also included are correspondence—both incoming and outgoing—as well as minutes, notes, and other records of several of the national organizations in which Gulick was a leader, including the American Academy of Physical Education, the Athletic League of YMCAs of North America, and the Amateur Athletic Union.
Arrangement
The collection is organized into 5 series, with the third series containing 7 sub-series:
Series 01 - Biographical Information (1918, 1960, 1992)
Series 02 - Springfield College (1892-1919)
Series 03 - Organizations and Correspondence (1891-1923), with Subseries: a. International Committee of the YMCA (1898), b. American Academy of Physical Education (1906-1911), c. General Correspondence (1893-1899), d. Amateur Athletic Union (1898-1899), e. Athletic League of YMCAs of North America (1897-1923), f. Triangle Publishing Company (ca. 1891-1895), g. Camp Fire Girls (1911-1917)
Series 04 - Gulick’s Writings (1887-1917)
Series 05 - Scrapbooks (1853-1910)
Arrangement
Wherever possible, the original order of the materials within this collection has been maintained.
There are 14 formerly-bound volumes of Gulick’s writings, several bound volumes of correspondence, and 5 scrapbooks that were all presumably arranged by Gulick himself. Where the original order is unknown, the materials have been arranged by type, alphabetically, and/or chronologically.
Collection History
The bulk of the collection, including scrapbooks and bound volumes, was given to Springfield College during the 1910s, presumably by Gulick himself.
Additional material relating to Luther Halsey Gulick acquired from other sources, including departments of Springfield College, is also included in the collection.
Digitized Materials
Browse digitized materials from this collection. This collection is partially digitized.
Digital Objects
Subject
- Gulick, Luther Halsey, 1865-1918 (Person)
- School for Christian Workers (Organization)
- International Young Men's Christian Association Training School (Springfield, Mass.) (Organization)
- Springfield College (Organization)
- Naismith, James, 1861-1939 (Person)
- International Young Men's Christian Association (Organization)
- Young Men's Christian Association of North America (Organization)
- Camp Fire Girls (Organization)
- Amateur Athletic Union of the United States (Organization)
- Lewis, Dio, 1823-1886 (Person)
- Triangle Publishing, Inc. (Organization)
Technique
Topical
- Basketball
- Basketball -- History
- Camping
- Camping -- United States -- Societies, etc.
- Humanics
- Physical education and training
- Physical education and training -- History
- Physical education and training -- Societies
- Physical education and training -- United States -- History
- Physical fitness
- Sports for women
- Springfield College -- Sports
- Springfield College -- Sports -- Men
- Triangles
Uniform Title
- Title
- Luther Halsey Gulick Papers
- Status
- Completed
- Author
- Paige W. Roberts
- Date
- 2006-11
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
Revision Statements
- 2023-01: Transferring information from the original Word document to ArchivesSpace.
- 2009-08: Materials rearranged, rehoused, and described by Rachel A. Salyer
Repository Details
Part of the Springfield College Archives and Special Collections Repository
Springfield College
Judd Gymnasia
263 Alden Street
Springfield Massachusetts 01109 U.S.A. US
413-748-3309
jmonseau@springfieldcollege.edu